abstract：:The electrocardiographic effects of ebastine and its active metabolite, carebastine, have been studied alone and in relevant drug-interaction studies in various patient populations. The overall cardiac tolerability of ebastine is excellent. In ebastine dose-ranging studies in adults and children, there were no meaning...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Moss AJ,Morganroth J

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinesterase inhibitors are currently the most established treatment strategy in Alzheimer's disease. The treatment effect appears mainly to be symptomatic. Effects on progression of the disease following long term treatment, and possible neuroprotective effects, have been investigated. Delay until nursing home plac...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Nordberg A,Svensson AL

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stroke is a very common medical emergency that, until recently, had no specific treatment. Following the results of several major trials (including 2 'mega-trials'), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) can be recommended for the majority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke. While the benefit of aspirin is only modest, ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Lindley RI

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Older people in the UK receive a disproportionate amount of medication. They comprise 18% of the population but receive 45% of all prescription items. Not surprisingly they experience drug-related illnesses - in 1980, 1 in 10 admissions to acute geriatric units were wholly or partly due to adverse drug reactions. Drug...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Denham MJ,Barnett NL

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is the most frequent metabolic condition experienced by elderly individuals. It is characterised by a low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis constitutes a significant financial burden for healt...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Devogelaer JP

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of pain is high in multimorbid patients and they can experience a multitude of painful conditions. The changes in physiology and homeostasis associated with multimorbidity and increasing age and the immature metabolism of neonates all increase the risk of toxicity from analgesics. Altered pharmacokineti...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Wilder-Smith CH

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To estimate the frequency of adverse effects associated with the use of the transdermal nicotine patch, we abstracted and analysed data from 47 reports of 35 clinical trials. The meta-analysis presented here represents a synthesis of data from 41 groups of nicotine patch recipients totalling 5501 patients, and 33 grou...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Greenland S,Satterfield MH,Lanes SF

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence of breast cancer during pregnancy is a rare clinical situation. However, if it is diagnosed, a multidisciplinary approach involving an obstetrician, a medical oncologist and a surgeon is needed. In this situation, breast cancer should be treated according to the same principles applied in nonpregnant pa...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Espié M,Cuvier C

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Absolute and functional iron deficiency is the most common cause of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin) hyporesponsiveness in renal failure patients. Diagnostic procedures for determining iron deficiency include measurement of serum iron levels, serum ferritin levels, saturation of transferrin and percentage of...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Sunder-Plassmann G,Hörl WH

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylphenidate is the most widely use psychotropic medication in children in the US. It is both well tolerated and efficacious in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and is associated with few serious adverse effects. However, the abuse of methylphenidate for the purpose of experiencing a 'high...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Rappley MD

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytokines are now commonly used in the treatment of many conditions, especially cancer, haematological malignancies and chronic viral hepatitis. With some of these cytokines, clinical induction and/or exacerbation of autoimmune manifestations have been observed. This has been the case with interferon-alpha and interfe...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Miossec P

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cirrhosis encompasses a range of pathophysiological changes that may alter drug disposition. Drugs that are dependent primarily on the liver for their systemic clearance are more likely to be subject to reduced elimination and subsequent accumulation. Drug accumulation may lead to excessive plasma drug concentrations ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Westphal JF,Brogard JM

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse drug effects are manifold and heterogenous. Many situations may hamper the signalling (i.e. the detection of early warning signs) of adverse effects and new signals often differ from previous experiences. Signals have qualitative and quantitative aspects. Different categories of adverse effects need different ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Meyboom RH,Egberts AC,Edwards IR,Hekster YA,de Koning FH,Gribnau FW

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regular treatment with both long- and short-acting beta 2-agonists results in tolerance to their bronchoprotective effects, although the relevance of this phenomenon in terms of long term asthma control remains unclear. However, there appears to be no appreciable difference between the 2 long-active beta 2-agonists, s...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Lipworth BJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several recent case control studies have shown an excess rate of venous thromboembolism in women using third generation progestogen-containing combined contraceptive pills compared to second generation combined contraceptive pills. This excess is about 1 in 10,000 women per year of use. It is likely that second and th...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Roke C

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A spectrum of adverse drug reactions that are caused by the combined action of drugs and viruses has been described: ampicillin rash in acute infectious mononucleosis; Reye's syndrome; hypersensitivity reactions to sulphonamides in patients with HIV infection; drug-induced agranulocytosis; paracetamol (acetaminophen) ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Levy M

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are 2 isoenzymes of cyclo-oxygenase (COX). There is a constitutive enzyme COX-1 which has a wide tissue distribution. In addition there is an inducible enzyme COX-2 which has a restricted tissue distribution. The inducible enzyme COX-2 is responsible for the generation of prostaglandins at sites of tissue inflam...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Richardson C,Emery P

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the introduction of several new anticonvulsant drugs into clinical practice in recent years, renewed attention has been paid to treatment-emergent effects, especially behavioural syndromes. In this review, the more severe psychiatric syndromes that may be associated with anticonvulsants are discussed, especially ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Trimble MR

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Similar to other beta-lactam antibacterials, carbapenems have a neurotoxic potential that seems to be higher than that of the penicillins and cephalosporins. Seizures have been reported in several large studies of patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin. However, it seems clear that the main factor increasing the ri...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Norrby SR

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term 'benefit-risk ratio' is often used as a general term linked to the use of a medicine. To balance risk and benefit is, however, a very complex exercise. For most medicines the benefits are limited to a few indications and for an individual patient there is usually only a single benefit sought but the potential...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Edwards R,Wiholm BE,Martinez C

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After initial enthusiasm, the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) has been limited by the wide range of MAOI-drug and MAOI-food interactions that are possible, particularly with sympathomimetic medications or tyramine-containing foods, resulting in hypertensive reactions. Despite their clinical benefits, this ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Livingston MG,Livingston HM

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an age-old problem; more so since the blooming of ambulatory or day surgery centres within the last 2 decades. The aetiology of PONV is multifactorial. The incidence of PONV is usually higher in women and children than in men. PONV not only causes patient discomfort, anxiety...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Sung YF

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinician prescribing beta-blockers for his or her patients is faced with an often difficult situation. There are many beta-blockers, each with its own pharmacological profile. Patients are often taking multiple medications, thus increasing the risk of both anticipated and unexpected drug interactions. Reports of ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Blaufarb I,Pfeifer TM,Frishman WH

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe skin adverse drug reactions can result in death, but the rate of such events is fortunately low. The incidences of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis range from 1.2 to 6 per million per year and 0.4 to 1.2 per million per year, respectively. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is fatal in about 5% and...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Wolkenstein P,Revuz J

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monobactams and carbapenems are 2 classes of beta-lactam antibiotics that were introduced in the 1980s. This review considers the monobactam aztreonam and the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem. Imipenem is administered together with cilastatin, which inhibits the enzymatic breakdown of imipenem in the kidney. The ant...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Alván G,Nord CE

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is clear experimental evidence that antibiotics increase the bioavailability of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, data for 2 variables, level of endotoxin and level of bacteria, at the time point closest to 2 hours post-antibiotic exposure were abstracted as a change from baseline readings f...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Hurley JC

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risks and adverse effects of the low dose, new generation progestogen combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are much lower than original studies involving pills containing 50 micrograms estrogen. The main effects are those on the cardiovascular system, lipid and glucose metabolism and cancer. Any effect of the COC o...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Bagshaw S

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concomitant use of antacid preparations with other medications is common. The potential for antacid-drug interactions is dependent upon the chemistry and physical properties of the antacid preparation. The intragastric release of free aluminum and magnesium ions has potent effects on gastrointestinal function and on d...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Sadowski DC

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The available antihyperlipidaemic drugs are generally safe and effective, and major systemic adverse effects are uncommon. However, because of their complex mechanisms of action, careful monitoring is required to identify and correct potential drug interactions. Bile acid sequestrants are the most difficult of these a...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Farmer JA,Gotto AM Jr

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is a major public health problem occurring primarily among the postmenopausal population. Osteoporosis is a preventable disease, but despite several advances in its prevention, treatment of the established disease to date remains a major challenge to be managed by primary care physicians. Stabilisation of...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Gennari C,Nuti R,Agnusdei D,Camporeale A,Martini G

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Even though existing antiepileptic drugs can render 80% of newly diagnosed patients seizure free, a significant number of patients have chronic intractable epilepsy causing disability with considerable socioeconomic implications. There is, therefore, a need fo...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Patsalos PN,Sander JW

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main goal of pharmacological research in the field of topical corticosteroids (TCs) is to dissociate efficacy and adverse effects as much as possible. The optimal use of TCs, i.e. the careful evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio, depends on: (i) the chemical structure of the TC; (ii) the type of vehicle; (iii) the...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Mori M,Pimpinelli N,Giannotti B

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most antiviral drugs are nucleoside analogues with potential teratogenic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic and antiproliferative activities. They must be administered with caution during pregnancy, because some are known teratogens (e.g. amantadine) and a similar propensity cannot be entirely excluded for others (e.g. aciclo...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Morris DJ

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transdermal devices are now marketed for the delivery of systemic medication through the skin. Advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery include avoidance of first-pass metabolism and improved patient compliance. Drugs currently available by this route include scopolamine (hyoscine), nitroglycerin (glyceryl...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Carmichael AJ

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biochemistry of vitamin K metabolism and the role of vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are now well understood. Likewise, there is a clear understanding of the role of oral anticoagulants in the inhibition of these coagulation factors. However, the effect of ora...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Pineo GF,Hull RD

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While classifications into generations according to antimicrobial activity has helped clinicians incorporate the increasing number of cephalosporins into their pharmacological repertoire, adverse effects among the different agents fail to follow similar categories. In general, cephalosporins are fairly well tolerated ...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Thompson JW,Jacobs RF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood hyperactivity is a common behavioural complaint. The therapeutic options for physicians caring for children with hyperactivity are considerable and varied; current recommendations call for a multidisciplinary approach, including when necessary the use of drug therapy. Central nervous system stimulants are th...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Fox AM,Rieder MJ

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence and incidence of adverse drug interactions involving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remains unknown. To identify those proposed drug interactions of greatest clinical significance, it is appropriate to focus on interactions between commonly used and/or commonly coprescribed drugs, interac...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Johnson AG,Seideman P,Day RO

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Review of the medical records of 2 major adult teaching hospitals for a 4-year period revealed 33 instances of carbamazepine overdose. These patients had a mean age of 30 years and 58% were known epileptics. They ingested a mean of 12g carbamazepine (range 1.6 to 45g), with 51% of cases involving other drugs, particul...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Seymour JF

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The New Zealand Medicines Adverse Reactions Committee has been monitoring reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) since 1965. We wished to determine the numbers of voluntary reports of different types of ADR to all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over a long time period and relate these to age. As the e...

journal_title：Drug safety

authors： Clark DW,Ghose K

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00